Короткий опис(реферат):
Наукова новизна полягає в тому, що робота є першим
комплексним дослідженням національної специфіки рецепції
постмодернізму в театральній культурі України. Окреслено ґенезу
постмодерністських театральних практик у художній культурі другої
половини ХХ ст. Виявлено взаємозв’язок між театром як сталою
інституцією класичної театральної культури, постдраматичним
театром як перехідною ланкою в некласичній театральній культурі та
автономними театральними практиками постмодерністської культури.
З’ясовано, що саме в новітніх театральних практиках на мікрорівні
соціально-художньої взаємодії найкраще втілюються опозитності
«вираз-рецепція» та «дія-страждання». Визначено, що сприйняття
українським глядачем/учасником постмодерністських театральних
практик виявилось контрверсійним: частина цих практик визнавалась і
визнається як творчо-конструктивна, частина — як руйнівна.
Доведено, що перехід від моностилістичної театральної культури
радянського зразка до постмодерністської полістилістичної
театральної культури відбувається в Україні як через копіювання
західних постмодерністських зразків сценічної дії, так і через
фундування національно-орієнтованих зразків.
Суть розробки, основні результати:
The scientific novelty consists in that the work is the first
comprehensive study of national specificities of reception of
postmodernism in theatrical culture of Ukraine. The objective of this
scientific paper is determination of cultural creative sense and peculiarities
of development of postmodern theatrical practices as significant component
of modern Ukrainian culture.
The basis of methodological toolkit of the paper is provided by theories
of K. Björk, C. Geertz, E. Hoffmann, E. Cassirer, S. Langer. The work is
based on comprehensive use of general scientific methods (theoretical and
empirical ones) and special study methods.
The paper covers genesis of postmodernist theatrical practices in
artistic culture of the second half of the XX century on the ground of
analysis of sources of culturological and art-historical nature. The
problematic vectors of the base of sources are found.
On the basis of determined scientific methodological toolkit, it was
proved that receptions of postmodernism in theatrical culture of Ukraine
have macro- and micro levels. As a rule, which was confirmed by analysis
of national theatrical practices, at the macro level, the primary reception of
postmodernism shows its destructive potential, causing change of status of
social artistic intuitions, also with consideration of the theatre, and
implementing appearance of innovative cultural forms, which provide the
possibility of realization by individual of his social role and somewhat
other quality. It was proved that postmodernist phase of development of
social cultural coloration as such is more supported by performance of roles
than activity of intuitions.
An interconnection is found between the theatre as a stable intuition of
classic theatrical culture, postmodernist theatre as an intermediate link to
non-classic theatrical culture and autonomous theatrical practices of
postmodernist culture. It was proved that culture of postmodernism forms
the basis for development of performance, happening and environment as
independently existing theatrical practices, which provide forming and
adaptation of interactive “interface”, connection of certain type of
performance expressiveness and audience reception, that is, production of
cultural communication of new type. Each participant of stage performance
first of all performs the roles of the performer and spectator and, therefore,
begins to understand better the mechanisms of not only forming modern
art, but also of functioning society, economy and policy, as well as gets
new knowledge and forms individual/ collective renewed experience.
Actualization of postmodernist trends in national art took place under
influence of forming many subcultures, which provide heterogeneity of
culture as such. It is found, that two the most important tasks stand before
theatrical practices which arose in the national theatrical culture in the
framework of postmodernist trends: on the one side, the task of elimination
of the remnants of Soviet ideology in theatrical culture, on the other side,
forming nationally oriented fundamentals as continuation of modern
intentions. It was found that perception by Ukrainian spectator/ participant
of postmodernist practices turned out to be controversial: a part of these
practices was recognized and is recognized now as creatively constructive,
and a part of them is destructive. It was proved that transition from
monostylistic theatrical culture of Soviet type to postmodernist polystylistic
theatrical culture takes place in Ukraine both through copying western
postmodernist specimens of stage performance and funding nationally
oriented pieces of art.