Короткий опис(реферат):
Дисертація є комплексним культурологічним дослідженням трансформації образів танатичної міфології, зокрема образу «заложних» в українській традиційній культурі від давнини до сучасності. Уявлення про «заложних» розглянуто як багатофункціональний феномен культури; вони є однією з детермінант давньослов’янської культури, корелюють із етіологічною ціннісною й семіотичною сферами, та є складовою системи культури. Проаналізовано еволюцію уявлень про категорію «заложних» у дохристиянський період, християнську добу, радянський період та сучасній українській культурі. Визначено фактори й вектори трансформації уявлень про категорію «заложних», що зумовлюють зазначену динаміку. Перший фактор їх трансформації - хрещення Київської Русі, якому відповідає вектор поширення християнства.
Другий фактор - політичні й ідеологічні процеси, що відбувалися в Україні протягом ХХ ст. і пов’язані з приходом радянської влади якому відповідає вектор процес радикальної секуляризації.
Суть розробки, основні результати:
This dissertation is a complex culturological research for transformation of of thanatotic mythology characters in Ukrainian traditional culture from antiquity to modern times. The thanatotic mythology characters is reviewed as a multifunctional cultural phenomenon; they stand as a determinant of ancient Slavic culture correlate with etiological axiological, and semiotic spheres, and are a component of culture system.
Tanatic mythology imageries are analysed as one of determinants of ancient Slavonic and Ukrainian traditional culture. Archaic tanatic mythology ideas personalised as sacral and demonised ("zalozhny") dead in Ukrainian traditional culture have since proceeded as archetypes particularly archetypes of kindred and evil spirits.
The imageries of tanatic mythology are reviewed as an element of traditional ancient Slavonic and Ukrainian culture, correlating with a scape of tanatic ideas, and functioning in the following ways - etiological (realised both through the cosmogonic myth describing the form of the Universe and through after-death perspectives for ancestors
and zalozhny dead - culture constructive (realised through creation of semiotic scope of traditional culture as well as regulating mechanisms and means of preservation of certain communication channels such as family education and taking part in communal ceremonial activities.
In this work we have reviewed the stages of evolution of tanatic
mythology ideas inside the system of ancient Slavonic and Ukrainian traditional culture, and also determined the factors and vectors of their transformation:
1) during the pre-Christian period of the ancient Slavonic history they organically fit into the scope of tanatic imageries and serve as a functional part of mythological lore;
2) during the Christian period they become a part of syncretistic
folk beliefs, which are step by step dislodged by the Christian doctrine;
3) during the Soviet period and in modern Ukrainian culture the
ideas of tanatic mythology stand as relics of culture Baptism of Kiev Rus is the first factor of transformation, and spread of Christianity is a vector. Baptism meant change of world view from mythological to religious, and this caused serious changes in folk world outlook.
As a result of spread of Christianity and Christian clerics struggle
against pagan customs, tanatic mythology ideas are considerably transformed. Pagan funeral ceremonies (such as cremation) on one hand and utilisation of a "zalozhny" dead body by throwing it out to a deserted places or swamps on the other hand are replaced by Christian burial in the soil in one hand, and collective burial without funeral service in an unsanctified land (skudelnytsa) with a kind of a civil dirge for "zalozhny" dead.
Another transformation factor includes political and ideological processes taking part in Ukraine during the 20th century and related to
Soviets taking power, with a process of radical secularisation as its vector. In the Soviet time, the imageries of tanatic mythology are de-sacralised and decisively turn into folklore and unperceived traditions. Funeral ceremonies such as burial service change drastically, and all religious elements suddenly become optional and dispensable. Funeral ceremonies related to "zalozhny" such as throwing branches of wood into graves is partially present in traditional culture of the 20th century. We have found that some tanatic mythology imageries are still present in modern Ukrainian culture as cultural relics, such as washing the floor after the dead, sealing of a grave, and a tradition to bury unmarried
women dressed in a wedding gown.