Abstract:
У дисертації історичний розвиток східнослов’янської духовної пісенності
другої половини XVI – початку ХХІ ст. розглянуто крізь призму категорії
«нової сакральності», базової для християнської музичної культури Нового й
Новітнього часу. Окреслено специфіку східнослов’янської духовної пісенності
в її національних виявах, запропоновано періодизацію української, білоруської,
російської духовно-пісенних традицій другої половини XVI – початку ХХІ ст.
Унаочнено генетичний зв’язок барокової та сучасної духовно-пісенної
традиції, виявлено конфесійні пріоритети східнослов’янської духовної
пісенності другої половини XVI – початку ХХІ ст. Охарактеризовано стильові
особливості східнослов’янської духовної пісенності другої половини XVI –
початку ХХІ ст. в контексті еволюції сакрального музичного мистецтва.
Розроблено теоретичні підвалини паралітургіки в богослужбовій практиці
християнських Сходу і Заходу в Новий та Новітній час. Систематизовано зв’язки
духовної пісенності книжного походження з фольклорною традицією,
розглянуто східнослов’янську духовно-пісенну традицію в контексті
популярної культури.
На прикладі еволюції структури західноєвропейських канціоналів і
східнослов’янських пісенників простежено шлях пошуків оптимальних форм
книг з духовно-пісенним репертуаром, призначених для церковних відправ та
індивідуальних побожних практик. Унаочнено сакральне підґрунтя
східнослов’янської духовно-пісенної традиції через інтертекстуальні зв’язки з
церковною гімнографією та біблійними текстами.
Розширено поняття «нової сакральності», запропоноване музикознавцями
для характеристики музики 70-90-х рр. ХХ ст., яке екстрапольовано на
європейську церковно-музичну традицію Нового й Новітнього часу. Набули
подальшого розвитку проблематика сакрального в контексті європейської
християнської традиції, питання розвитку та функціонування сакральної
музики різних християнських конфесій, тематика, пов’язана зі стильовою
еволюцією сакральної музики від бароко до сучасності.
Description:
The scientific problem of the presented thesis is is a sacred dimension of the
Eastern Slavonic spiritual song of the second half of the 16th
– early 21st century.
The signs of the Christian sacral art of the Modern and Contemporary Period
have been defined: the growth of the role of the community as a subject of the liturgy,
the autonomy of the sacred and artistic components of church worship, the functional
interpretation of the sacred through the separation of the three levels of sacred actions
– liturgical, paraliturgical, extraliturgical; use in the liturgical practice of national
languages, simplification of the musical language of liturgical works. It is proved that
the East Slavonic spiritual song tradition is an integral part of the European art of the
Christian tradition.
The specificity of the representation of the sacral in folklore songs of book
origin has been clarified. Three types of religious songs in the folklore tradition have
been singled out and characterized: folklore religious church songs, folklore religious
ritual songs, folklore religious Household songs.
The Eastern Slavonic spiritual song of church and non-church designation has
been characterized as a component of popular culture. It is noted that the popularity of
the spiritual song has been determined by socio-cultural factors and text-musical
characteristics. Socio-cultural aspect is manifested through the preaching
(confessional-polemical) function of the spiritual song, which is important for the
spread of Christian doctrine or the teachings of one’s own confession. Also in the
socio-cultural plan educational (catechism) and promotion functions have been
significant. The spiritual song becomes popular as a result of a combination of
Christian narrative with rhetorical techniques in order to strengthen the emotional
impact on the listener by using simple language constructs and writing texts on typical
models. The musical component of spiritual songs promotes their popularization due to
the simplicity of the musical language, oriented to the actual style of secular music.
The structure of Orthodox songbooks of Ukrainian and Russian traditions has
been characterized. Two types of Ukrainian Orthodox songbooks of the late 17th
–
18th centuries have been identified as unsystematic and protocalendar. In the Russian
tradition the New Jerusalem songwriters on the basis of a combination of alphabetic
and thematic principles have been invented the original structure of the songbook,
which can be defined as symbolic. The structure of Orthodox songbooks of the 19th
–
early 21st centuries have been influenced on the Pochaiv’s Bohohlasnyk.
The history of the formation of a complex type songbook for the Catholics of
the Eastern Rite, which lived on the Ukrainian and Belarusian lands, has been traced.
It is noted that the structure proposed by the compilers of Pochaiv’s Bohohlasnyk
(1790–1791) is optimal for meeting the needs of laymen in church and extrachurch
singing. The renewal of the structure of Greek Catholic songs falls on the first third
of the 20th century (New Vasylian edition of «Church Songs» (1926)).
Ukrainian and Russian Roman Catholic and Protestant songs of the 20th
– early
21st centuries have been inherited the structure, fixed by European and American
editions of the respective denominations.
In the Ukrainian-Belarusian spiritual song tradition, in contrast to the Russian,
Psalter songs occupy a small place. In the 20th
– early 21st centuries in the Ukrainian
and Russian traditions the song paraphrases of the Psalter became representative for
the Catholic and Protestant denominations, their number (2-3%) is the same for the
Ukrainian and Russian traditions. The genre of the biblical song of the Ukrainian and
Belarusian lands hasn’t been known, in the Russian spiritual song tradition of the last
third of the 17th century the creators of the songs for the biblical texts were natives of
the Rzecz Pospolita (New Jerusalem songwriters, Simeon of Polotsk). It is noted that
in the 20th
– early 21st centuries the genre of the biblical song hasn’t been revived in
one of the Christian denominations.
The connections of hymnographic texts and spiritual song poetry have been
demonstrated. Latin hymnography in the spiritual songs of the Eastern Slavic
tradition of the 17th
– 18th centuries represented by Marian prefigurations (the term of
D. Stern), imitations of hymnographic poetic forms, the creation of synthetic genres
based on Catholic paraliturgical prayer. Eastern Christian hymnography in the
Eastern Slavonic spiritual song repertoire of the 17th
– 18th centuries is represented by
prefigurative forms and text contrafacture. The difference between baroque
contrafacture and poetic paraphrases of the romantic and post-romantic era has been
shown. It is noted that church monodic chants hasn’t been become the main source of
melody of spiritual songs, which is explained by the late time of the formation of the
Eastern Slavonic spiritual song tradition (17th
– 18th centuries).
The work shows the historical path of the three national branches of the Eastern
Slavonic spiritual song tradition – Ukrainian, Belarusian, Russian. Each period is
considered on the basis of several parameters, including the degree of preservation of
sources, for which it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the development of a
spiritual song, regional and socio-cultural aspects, the confessional component of the
spiritual song tradition, genre-thematic, linguistic, musical and style priorities of
spiritual songs, the connection with folklore tradition and popular culture