Короткий опис(реферат):
У дисертації виявлено значимі для сучасної музичної культури
християнські ідеї та образи, що знайшли втілення у композиторській творчості; унаочнено форми втілення християнських образів та ідей у творах Г. Гаврилець, Л. Дичко, В. Сильвестрова, М. Скорика, Є. Станковича, В. Степурка, М. Шуха, І. Щербакова, О. Щетинського; показано еволюцію світогляду видатного українського композитора Ю. Іщенка, розкрито значення християнства для формування духовних обріїв митця; розглянуто вокальноінструментальну, хорову та симфонічну музику Ю. Іщенка з позицій втілення композитором християнських ідей та образів. Уточнено поняттєвотермінологічний апарат, необхідний для аналізу музичних творів, що репрезентують християнську традицію на сучасному етапі, у світлі актуальних історико-культурних та мистецтвознавчих концепцій. Набули подальшого
розвитку підходи до вивчення християнської музичної традиції в історичній динаміці; проблематика, пов’язана зі способами та формами відтворення релігійних символів, образів, тем, ідей в художній творчості сучасних митців; питання визначення місця християнської традиції в історії української культури від Середньовіччя до постмодерної доби.
Суть розробки, основні результати:
Modern culture, entering into the post-Christian epoch, loses its foundation through the apologetics of chaos of schizoid consciousness, the blurring of the category of spirituality, the desacralization of the sacred and secretive, the escape from the search for truth, the depreciation of the ideals. In the age of Postmodern Christianity ceases to define the spiritual goals of society. At the same time, the plurality of postmodern artistic trends implies a reference to anthropological concepts that appeal to the categories of spiritual, sacred, transcendental. Music that appeals to the Christian tradition constantly references to the ideas and images contained in the Scriptures. In the works of leading Ukrainian composers: G. Gavrilets, L. Dychko, V. Silvestrov, M. Skoryk, E. Stankovich, V. Stepurko,
M. Shukh, I. Shcherbakov, А. Shchetynsky images of repentance, misery, weeping, prayers, silence, still, gratitude, and glorification have found their individual incarnation. By the example of the analysis of important works for the Ukrainian musical culture, among which is «Four Psalms» for solo instruments and chorus (1997) by V. Stepurko, Spiritual concert «Requiem» (in the first edition - «Funeral») for mixed choir, soprano and tenor (1999) M. Skoryk, symphonic work for the orchestra «Glossolalia» (1989), chamber opera for soprano, piano and percussion «Annunciation» (1998) A. Shchetinsky, «Liturgy» (2003) E. Stankovich, «Solemn Liturgy» (2000-2002) L. Dychko, «Hallelujah» (2006) and «The Psalm of David» from the cycle «Two choirs» (2011) V. Silvestrov, as well as in the works of composers G. Gavrilets, M. Shukh, I. Shcherbakov revealed features of the embodiment of Christian ideas and images. Till now the huge amount of spiritual works of the outstanding Ukrainian composer Y. Ishchenko (born 1938) is unexplored and requires studying. During the period of the composer’s tuition at the conservatory and postgraduate study (the end of the 1950s and early 1960s), the search for his individual «I» (the «precedence period»). Under the influence of the philosophical and theological works of N. Berdyaev, V. Solovyov, S. Frank, S. Trubetskoy, P. Florensky Y.Ischenko in the second half of the 1960s-1970s. an interest in Christian-ethical issues is intensifying.
In the 1980-1990s сomposer’s work is marked by «total semanticization» (M. Kovalinas): the music of the composer rises to the level of musical philosophy, which is a natural continuation of spiritual searches not only on the basis of the works of N. Berdyaev, V. Solovyov, S. Trubetskoy, but also of the Ukrainian philosophical school (G. Skovoroda, P. Yurkevich). Since the 2000s the composer has devoted himself entirely to Christian themes: God’s word became the main theme of his true musical confession. In the «Εlegiac concert» for the male choir a cappella (1979), silence and still is represented as the image and idea of a musical work. Silence penetrates all levels
of the musical composition, acts as the core of the logical-semantic unity and the drama of the work. The image of weeping in the «Crying of Jeremiah» for baritone and piano (2011) appears to be a complex macro-image, consisting of images of repentance and light-bearing cathartic enlightenment, which is comparable to the idea of the Christian Transfiguration. In the compositions for choir a’capella for the texts of Old Testament Psalms (2000-2015), interpreted, as well as «Crying Jeremiah», in the сhristian way, all the variety of images-pangyric, praiseful, repentant, prayerful - is embodied. On the example of these compositions there are marked complexes of expressive means by which one or another image was created, the main dramaturgical principles used by Y. Ishchenko for the embodiment of Сhristian musical ideas are considered. In the Concert for Flute and Chamber Orchestra in 3 parts (2010), the image of the Favorsky Light is central. In the works «Do not turn me away during old age». Symphonic version of the choral concert by M. Berezovsky (1996), «Praise the Lord from heaven». Variations and Fugue on the topics of M. Berezovsky for the big symphony orchestra (2006), «My Soul». Symphonic variations on the theme of A. Vedel (2011), «Cherubim». Symphonic variations and fugue on the theme of D. Bortniansky (2012) present a whole spectrum of Christian images and ideas:
images of repentance, pleading, prayers, the Favorsky light, the ideas of glorifying. God and Transfiguration. The series of symphonic mysteries «Osanna» (2011), «The Annunciation» (2013), «The Resurrection» (2014), «The Ascension» (2014) is a kind of outcome of the religious and philosophical quest for the composer, where the
composer gave his own musical interpretation to the central ideas of the Christian doctrine-Good News, Suffering, Resurrection, Ascension of Jesus Christ.