Короткий опис(реферат):
У дисертації розглянуто європейське альтове мистецтво першої половини
ХХ століття в аспекті взаємодії виконавської практики та композиторської
творчості. Науковий інтерес до означеного періоду обумовлений у першу чергу
тим фактом, що саме тоді альт, який до цього часу знаходився на маргінесі
струнно-смичкового мистецтва, нарешті утверджується у виконавській
практиці та композиторській творчості як самодостатній сольний інструмент, з
власною розгалуженою жанрово-видовою системою.
У дослідженні визначено засадничі культурно-історичні чинники, які
сприяли загальній інтенсифікації розвитку європейського альтового мистецтва,
передусім його сольної складової — «альтової революції», яка відбулася у
першій половині ХХ століття. Розглянуто обставини взаємовпливу сольної
альтової виконавської практики та відповідних зразків композиторської
творчості. Окремо досліджуються альтові твори тих композиторів, які особисто
володіли цим інструментом на професійному виконавському рівні.
Представлені у дисертації зразки композиторської творчості першої
половини ХХ століття різняться між собою з точки зору стильових та жанрових
ознак, а також характеру використання тембрового потенціалу інструмента.
Разом із тим, їх об’єднує прагнення авторів осмислити сольний альт як
самодостатнє явище, відтворити високохудожній та динамічний образ
інструмента, який із плином часу набуває все ширших властивостей, розкриває
сучасні творчі можливості й зберігає свою актуальність.
Суть розробки, основні результати:
This thesis deals with the European viola art of the first half of twentieth
century in the aspect of performing practice interaction with composer’s creativity.
The scientific interest in this marked fifty-year’s period first of all hides in fact, that
the viola, which hitherto was on the margins of strings family, was finally asserted in
performing practice and composer’s creativity as a self-contained solo instrument,
which has its own extensive repertoire system.
The thesis identifies the basic cultural and historical factors that contributed to
the overall intensification of European viola art developement, especially in its solo
component — ―the viola revolution‖, which took place in the first half of twentieth
century. In particular, the first section of dissertation — ―Prerequisites and trends in
the development of contemporary European viola art‖ is devoted to this question and
serves as an expanded preamble for two further sections, specifying the chosen topic.
The history of ―the viola musicology‖, as one of the important conditions of
popularization of this musical instrument and the evolution of viola parts in orchestral
and chamber music of the second half of nineteenth — early twentieth century, which
served as a significant impetus for the further rapid development of viola performing
is being considered there. It is also about expanding the realms of artistic imagery,
associated with the timbre of this instrument, European educational traditions
(the foundation of viola classes in leading conservatories in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries), as well as constructive innovations that reflected the search
of the optimal model of viola by luthiers.
The second section — ―Lionel Tertis and William Primrose and the creativity
of European composers of the first half of twentieth century‖ — is devoted to
the disclosure of our thesis main idea — the circumstances of viola-solo performing
practice influence and the corresponding examples of composer’s creativity. It should
be noted that the traditionally stable perception of composer’s role as a key figure of
musical process in this case is being rethought. After all, during the marked period of
European’s viola art history, in the tandem ―performer – composer‖ creative initiative
was in hands of leading performers, whose main task was to encourage contemporary
composers to create viola music. Biographies of the most prominent violinists of that
time — L. Tertis and W. Primrose, serve like confirmation of this assertion. The
works regarded in this section — William Walton’s Viola concerto, Bela Bartok’s
Viola concerto and Benjamin Britten’s ―Lachrymae‖ are milestones in the history of
viola art and the best examples of collaboration, which was mentioned above.
A separate significant component of the development of twentieth century
European viola art is creativity of those composers, who professionally played this
instrument. This topic is regarded in the third section of thesis — ―Composer-violist
as a personal phenomenon of the contemporary viola art‖ which, along with
Paul Hindemith’s well-known figure, presents the almost unknown, but not less
prominent names of Cecil Forsyth and Rebecca Clarke. The works included in
the analytical array of this section (Concerto for viola and orchestra by C. Forsyth,
miniatures for viola and piano by R. Clarke, ―Kammermusik No.5‖, ―Konzertmusik
op. 48‖ and Concerto for viola and orchestra ―Der Schwanendreher‖ by
P. Hindemith) were chosen according to the same principle of historical and artistic
representation — each of them represents an important stage both in the context of
the composer’s creativity and the European viola art history in general.
Examples of composer’s creativity of the first half of twentieth century presented
in our thesis are different in stylistic and genre characteristics, as well as in field of
using the instrument’s timbre potential. At the same time, they are united by will of the
authors to represent solo-viola as a self-contained phenomenon, to recreate a highly
artistic and dynamic image of the instrument, which over time acquires more and more
broader features and open modern creative possibilities and remains just as relevant.