Abstract:
Дисертація присвячена дослідженню еволюції драматургічних функцій
хору в українській опері другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХІ століття. На
основі проведеного джерелознавчого, історіографічного, культурологічного, музично-теоретичного аналізу, визначено специфіку хорової культури в українському мистецтві та, безпосередньо, розкрито основні функційні напрями застосування хору в жанрі української опери.
Окреслення виразових та драматургічних функцій хору відбувається
крізь призму розкриття національно-естетичного виміру. Здійснено проекцію типів національного характеру на сферу оперно-хорової творчості українських композиторів. Запропоновано власну класифікацію двох образнотематичних напрямків хорових сцен – козацько-лицарського та селянськохліборобського.
Шляхом проведення комплексного аналізу оперно-хорових сцен визначено коло драматургічних функцій хору, притаманних народницькому та
модерністичному канонам.
В першому випадку увага акцентована на оперних зразках Д. Бортнянського, С. Гулака-Артемовського, П. Сокальського, М. Аркаса, М. Лисенка,
А. Вахнянина. Детальний розгляд композицій дозволив виявити основні
функції хорового компонента в побудові оперної драматургії.
В модерністичному каноні (на прикладі творчості К. Стеценка, М. Лисенка, М. Леонтовича, Б. Лятошинського, К. Данькевича, М. Вериківського, Ю. Мейтуса, М. Скорика) прослідковано новаторські принципи
трактування ролі хору. Оригінальний підхід до розкриття виразових можливостей хорового компонента призвів до появи його авторських версій.
Відповідні висновки зроблені на основі оперних композицій Є. Станковича, Л. Дичко, І. Карабиця, Л. Колодуба.
Description:
The thesis is devoted to studing of the evolution of dramatic functions of the
chorus in the Ukrainian opera in the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of
the twenty first century. On the basis of the source study, historiographic,
cultural, musical and theoretical analyses, the specificity of the choral culture
functioning in the Ukrainian art has been determined, and the basic directions of
the chorus use in the genre of the Ukrainian opera have been shown.
The definition of expressive and dramatic functions of the chorus exists
through the prism of disclosure of the national aesthetic dimension.
The value of the choral singing in the aesthetic dimension of the national
mentality, the ways of formation of the Ukrainian opera genre from the perspective of adaptation in this choral component have been defined.
The projection of types of the national character in regard to opera and choral
works of the Ukrainian composers has been created. A peculiar classification of
two imagery and thematic directions of choral scenes has been proposed – the
Cossack & knightly and the peasant & farming.
It has been determined that the Cossack knightly direction was reflected in
the lines of historical and patriotic operas. The analysis of a number of operas of
the end of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries ("Dubno Siege" by P. Sokalskyi, "Taras Bulba" by M. Lysenko, "The Golden Ring" by B. Liatoshynskyi,
"Bohdan Khmelnytskyi" by K.Dankevych) allowed to determine the dramatic
plans, which most clearly manifest the expressive qualities of the chorus.
It has been traced that the peasant farming direction was manifested in
operas, marked by a greater intimacy, psychological insight and lyricism of the
narrative move. Analytical investigations have been established on choral pieces
of the operas by M. Arkas, M. Lysenko, N. Verykivskyi, Yu. Meitus, and the
others. It has been investigated that this trend continued in the second half of the
twentieth century, through the conversion of the composers to the ancient layers
of the past. The analyzed works by Ye. Stankovych, L. Dychko, M. Skoryk,
I. Karabyts are the proof of this.
Through the comprehensive analysis of the opera and choral scenes, the
range of dramatic functions of the chorus inherent in populist and modernist
canons has been identified.
In the first case, the emphasis is on the opera samples by D. Bortnianskyi,
S. Hulak-Artemovskyi, P. Sokalskyi, M. Arkas, M. Lysenko, A. Vakhnianyn.
The detailed consideration of these compositions has revealed the basic functions
of a choral component in the construction of opera dramaturgy. The distinguished choral scenes of the early Ukrainian opera allowed for identification of
its three main lines of usage, emerged as a separate principal character, glossarian
and background (active, passive and constrastive). The evolution of the dramatic
functions of the chorus in the role of an equal character traced in the opera works
by M. Lysenko. It has been determined that Lysenko age involved the ideas of
the modernist canon greatly by integrating into the aesthetics of the populist
canon. This thesis has been confirmed by the analytical material of the opera
"Sapho" by M. Lysenko.
The innovative principles of the chorus role interpretation have been traced
in modernist canon (illustrated by the examples of works by K. Stetsenko,
M. Lysenko, M. Leontovych, B. Liatoshynskyi, K. Dankevych, M. Verykivskyi,
Yu. Meitus, M. Skoryk) have been traced. The method of comprehensive
analysis revealed the effect of the latest stylistic trends on the specificity of the
dramatic functions of the chorus in modern Ukrainian operas. Attention is
focused on the combination of several performing ensembles (polyplasticity),
using of compile of musical expression means, application of symphonization in
thematic invention.
The choral component in the modernist canon has been distinguished as the
receiver of two adaptation vectors in the drama of the opera composition. The
first is associated with decrease of weight in the dramatic and musical development. The proof is a range of the analyzed works by K. Stetsenko ("Iphigenia
in Tauris") and M. Lysenko ("Sapho"). The second vector indicates conversely
its active involvement. This trend has been revealed in the works of heroic &
epic and lyric realist genres in which the choral scenes appear in the form of key
nodes of drama.
The original approach to the disclosure of the expressive possibilities of the
choral component resulted in its author versions. The appropriate conclusions
have been made on the basis of the opera songs by Ye. Stankovych, L. Dychko,
I. Karabyts, L. Kolodub.
The evolution of the dramatic functions of the chorus, in which the top of the
searches of its expressive possibilities, is the emergence of an original genre of
the Ukrainian music choral opera, represented in the work of Lesia Dychko "Zolotoslov", I. Karabyts "Kyiv frescoes", etc., has been identified in the analysis.