Abstract:
Дисертацію присвячено системному вивченню процесу зародження та
розвитку жанру скрипкової фантазії в українській музиці, що вивчається
17
в контексті розвитку жанру. Виявлено її специфічні ознаки у творчості
композиторів України. Розроблено жанрово-стильову типологію українських скрипкових фантазій за критеріями тематизму, жанрової належності,
наявності чи відсутності ознак програмності, типу інструментального
складу.
Виявлено традиційну жанрову модель української скрипкової фантазії, що містить: імпровізаційний вступ, розробку кількох різнохарактерних
тем, що завершуються віртуозною кодою. Окреслено поняття стабільний
виконавський комплекс романтичної скрипкової фантазії, обґрунтовано
його актуалізацію у виконавській практиці ХХ – перших десятиліть ХХІ ст.
та доведено стабільність його дії в межах жанру української скрипкової
фантазії.
Description:
The dissertation is devoted to bringing the evidence of the origin and formation of the violin fantasy genre and revealing its peculiarities in the works of
Ukrainian composers. As of now, there is no separate research in this field,
although the genre is reflected in the music works of composers. Unfortunately, Ukrainian violin fantasias are performed very rarely, but each of them
has its own unique and vivid features.
Recent musicological studies on the formation and development of the
fantasy genre are represented by the names of Kateryna Shtryfanova, Olena
Pogoda, Olena Shchoholeva, Tetiana Lyakhina and Yuliya Cherniavska. The
local culture peculiarities of the violin fantasia as a genre are not sufficiently
studied, which conditioned the relevance of the research topic.
The dissertation was aimed at systematization and typology of Ukrainian
fantasia specifically. However, as it is based on the West European romantic
fantasia, the author presented the typology of a romantic violin fantasia.
The violin fantasia typology during the Romantic period was formed by the
following features: thematic, genre, descriptive and instrumental (by set of participants).
The author of the dissertation formulated a stable performing complex of
romantic violin fantasia, justifies its actualization in the performing practice of
the 20th and the first decades of the 21st centuries and demonstrated the stability
of the complex in its expression in Ukrainian violin fantasia as a sub-genre.
The stable performing complex of a fantasia genre in a concentrated form
includes the following criteria: improvisation abilities – the presence of the
cadenza type parts; technique: passages, double notes and chords; bowing techniques; contrast of higher and lower registers; various effects: timbre (playing
on one string – G; D; A), sound and colour (flageolets, melismata, pizzicato,
glissando, etc.); agogical deviations (ritenuto, rallentando); putting accents on
weak beats, which makes the texture and metrics more mobile; variety of
nuances.
It is for the first time that the typology of Ukrainian violin fantasia was
developed. The traditional genre model, which consists of the introduction,
adaptation of two or more versatile folk themes (song and dance) and virtuoso
finale, is revealed. The author also defined the specific features of violin
fantasia in the works of Ukrainian composers. The features include the usage
of folk material, harmony (folk-modal, romantic, searches for “archaic folk
sounds”). Ukrainian violin fantasias, for the most part, have a clearly defined
classical tonal basis. However, it is also enriched by modalities – the elements
of the national modes. In the theme, both distant contrasting and single
tonalities are used. The meter and rhythmic structures are diversified by the
usage of variable rhythmic dimensions, which is common for a folk music,
though it is still based on principles of Romantism.The best Ukrainian violin
fantasies include works by O. Bezborodko, O. Jacobchuk, O. Kozarenko,
M. Lysenko, A. Shtoharenko.