Театральні фестивалі в культурно-мистецькому житті України кінця XX - початку XXI століття: історія, типологія, тенденції розвитку

Карпаш, Оксана Мирославівна

Театральні фестивалі в культурно-мистецькому житті України кінця XX - початку XXI століття: історія, типологія, тенденції розвитку

Карпаш, Оксана Мирославівна

URI: http://elib.nakkkim.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2645

Date: 2019

Abstract:

У дослідженні представлено динаміку і пріоритетні напрями розвитку театрально-фестивального руху в культурно-мистецькому житті України періоду Незалежності крізь призму комплексного аналізу історичних традицій і соціокультурних тенденцій, типологічної класифікації за жанровими, тематичними, просторовими, часовими, формотворчими критеріями, специфікою організації тощо, а також у порівнянні з аналогічними процесами сусідніх європейських країн. Визначено особливості функціонування сучасних українських театральних фестивалів за жанровою репрезентацією (фестивалі монодрам, комедій, прем’єр тощо); у регіональній площині (на прикладі Прикарпаття); у взаємодії духовної й світської складових.

Description:

The research presents the dynamics and priority directions of the development of the theatrical and festival movement in the cultural and artistic life of Ukraine during the period of Independence through the prism of a comprehensive analysis of historical traditions and socio-cultural trends, typological classification by genre, thematic, spatial, temporal, forming criteria, specificity of the organization, etc., as well in comparison with similar processes of neighboring European countries. The main problems with which theaters and organizers constantly meet, in particular the complex financial and material situation, staffing, the problem of the viewer, curtailment of the touring and the lack of contemporary drama are singled out and analyzed. In the work systematization and classification of theatrical festivals of Ukraine of the Independence period was conducted, and the most important criteria of their complex analysis were summarized and noted: duration of actions (short, medium and long term); location of their conducting - geographic (country, region, city) and spatial (concert or theater hall, street, square, experimental sites); age and professional representation of participants (children, youth, amateur, professional, independent, Ukrainian diaspora); status of shares (international, national, regional, local); financial support (state, regional, charitable); specialties of festivals - thematic (patriotic, personalized, christmas, festivals of national minorities), genre (opera, chamber, solo performance festivals, plays, comedies, puppet shows, vertep), stylistic (antique, classical, contemporary art, festival laboratories); the form of presentation of the content of performances (classically-static, dynamic-action, spectacular, performative, experimental, etc.), etc. The analysis of the festival theater movement made it possible to differentiate the action not only on the geography and subject of their conduct, caused by the traditions of the regions of Ukraine, but also for the specific artistic and cultural tasks: experimental searches in directing, composition, musical and stage design, plastic, speech expressiveness, acting game. The features of the functioning of contemporary Ukrainian theatrical festivals is defined by genre representation, in particular monodrams (International Theater Festival of Solo Performances of women actresses «Maria», Kyiv), comedy festivals (Regional Comedy Festival «Golden applause of Bukovyna», Chernivtsi), premiere (All-Ukrainian Theater Festival of Contemporary Readings «Kolomyia Performances», Precarpathian Festival «Premieres of the Season») and others. For detailed analysis of the regional plane of theater festivals of different levels, the Precarpathian region is chosen as a vivid example of the organization and functioning of the festive events. In particular, the course of such artistic actions was examined: the international festival of puppet theaters «Oberegy» (Ivano-Frankivsk); the international festival «Kolomyia representations» (Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk region); All-Ukrainian festival «Time of the theater» (Ivano-Frankivsk). Their holding in the regional and district centers of Subcarpathia became the evidence of the all-Ukrainian tendency «to move the center of festival life to the regions». In the context of the theatrical-festival movement, several planes of research have been identified, the priority of which was the interaction of the spiritual and secular components. Important factors in the spiritual content of the theatrical festivals are their value and aesthetic aspects, and the secular nature is determined by entertaining forms and methods of scenic embodiment. The analysis of theater festivals of the neighboring countries of Ukraine - the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Belarus - allows us to generalize and use European approaches to the organization, planning and holding of festive events in conjunction with the need to preserve Ukrainian national traditions. According to the results of the analysis of the theatrical festival movement in Ukraine at the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century, a space-time theatrical and artistic map was developed. It allows us to characterize the percentage of activity of each individual region in the overall rating of contemporary festival theater life of Ukraine.

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