Abstract:
У дисертації досліджуються міфологічні мотиви і образи у творах одеських художників останньої третини ХХ - початку ХХI ст. Визначено основні типологічні напрямки звернення до міфології майстрів Одеси: неокласичне, де античний міф виступає як парадигма, та фольклорне, в якому здійснюється ремінісценція мотивів і образів традиційної національної культури в індивідуальній міфотворчості. Встановлено, що у творах майстрів неокласичного напрямку найбільш поширеними є сприйняті від давньої міфології мотиви творення світу, бінарної єдності та протилежності чоловіка і жінки, мотиви діонісійства, змієборства, шляху, оновлення-звільнення, сну, народження-смерті-відродження. Основою індивідуальної міфотворчості художників фольклорного напрямку є народна культура, фольклор, традиції ритуальної організації життя. У творчості цих майстрів виділено міфологічні мотиви і образи, які мають архетипічне інваріантне ядро: дерево, дім, хрест, космічне яйце, пращур, мати, дитина. Художники освоюють спадщину світового мистецтва, що призводить до розширення часових і просторових меж, полістилістики.
Description:
The dissertation researches the mythological motives and images in the works of Odessa artists of the last third of ХХ beginning of ХХІ century. The main typological trends of usage of mythology in the works of Odessa artists are defined: neoclassical, where the antique myth is used as a paradigm, and folklore, in which reminiscence of traditional national cultural motives and icons realizes in individual myth creation. It is defined, that in the works of Odessa artists A. V. Knjazik, B. A. Rumjantzev, U. N. Egorov, A. S. Shopin, G. A. Рalatnikov - the prevalent motives are assimilated from antique mythology motives of world creation, binary unity and opposition of man and woman, dionysian motives, snake fight motives, the path, renovation-liberation, slumber, birth-death- revival. In their creative work prevail the humanistic principles, based on classic academic system of education, where the object of study is perfect human body, which was a model of the universe for ancient Greek. The basis of individual myth creation of folklore trend artists: I. I. Stepanov, U. A. Kovalenko, A. D. Antonyuk, V. P. Kabachenko is folk culture, folklore, traditions of ritual life organization of life. The mythological perception of ordinary allows the masters to create the works with developed narration, in which the ordinary way of life raised to the level of existence. In the work of these masters the motives and icons with archetypical and invariant core are highlighted: the tree, the house (temple), the cross, a child, cosmic egg, ancestor (totem of the crow, elder, warrior, cossack), mother, child. The distinguished point of the personage portrayal is binary opposition “youth - old age” is concordant with “life- death” and archetypical motives of “eternal revival”. It is revealed, that in the indoor creations of Odessa artists the classical image of hero is non existent. Even in monumental art the hero like Spartacus is shown as an athlete, calling people on stadium. In a graphical cycle “Illiada” by G. A. Palatnikov the heroes are depersonalized. The artist himself becomes a hero experiencing the situation of war, the experience on the edge of life and death. In the art of N. I. Stepanov, U. A. Kovalenko, A. D. Antonyuk, V. P. Kabachenko from the traditional triple-unity of age childhood-maturity-old age the central period of active action of hero is missing. In the art of crisis period the period of potentialities (child, adolescent) and contemplation (the elder, old man) becomes actual. It is revealed, that in the works of sculpture and painting the important motive is woman. In the works of neoclassical trend artist it is revealed as an image of goddess of beauty and love Venus-Aphrodite. In the art of folklore trend artists a woman revealed as a mother -continuer of the kin, goddess. It is revealed, that in search of graphic tradition the masters address to the epochs possessing complete mythological consciousness which has been expressed in the corresponding figurative form. Therefore archaic art, a traditional folk art, icon painting becomes actual. In their creativity there is a connection of ancient primary sources and products of Renaissance (in which antique images are adapted for perception of the person of new time), and also arts of a baroque, classicism, romanticism. Thus, products of the Odessa artists are included into a context of world art. In creation of an artistic image the master address to allegory, a metaphor, hyperbole. At art of artists studied by us there are features peculiar to a postmodernism. Artists master a heritage of world art that leads to expansion of time and spatial borders, polystylistics, quotation. Though a basis of art of the Odessa masters is the Mediterranean culture, it is important to notice their interest to traditional art of the East. The works testify that in outlook of artists the Christian attitude is connected with pagan. With the purpose of evident representation of features of treatment of mythological motives and images in products of artists of Odessa (in a context of world art) the illustrative appendix is created.